TSLA 估值显著偏高(合理价值 121 美元,而市价为 356 美元),高估值阻碍了本应发生的 SpaceX 收购。
逐段跳播
Elon Musk 再次暗示,他的两家公司 Tesla 和 SpaceX 之间可能深化合作。而关于 SpaceX 可能收购 Tesla 的猜测不断升温,我认为这是不可避免的。
Elon Musk once again hinted at a possible deepening of collaboration between his two companies Tesla and SpaceX. And that increasing speculation regarding the possible acquisition of Tesla by SpaceX, I think is inevitable.
我认为这完全合情合理。那么,我们来谈谈这对 SpaceX 和 Tesla 的股票投资者可能意味着什么。在昨晚的 AI 峰会上发言时,Musk 表示,尽管存在多条合作途径,这两家公司是否会保持独立仍是一个很好的问题。
Elon Musk 说,在这么多层面上都有如此多的合作,谁能想象在这么多领域都有如此紧密合作的情况下,一方可能会采取什么行动。
I think it makes all the sense in the world. So, let's talk about what it could mean for SpaceX and Tesla stock investors. speaking at the AI summit last night, Musk said it was a great question whether the two companies would remain separate despite several avenues for collaboration.
With all this collaboration on so many levels, who can imagine what action one might take when there's so much close collaboration in so many areas, said Elon Musk.
我同意。我认为作为公司的所有者、作为公司的 CEO,将它们合并、使它们成为一家公司是非常合理的。你不必再处理因为它是两家公司而不是一家公司而必须处理的所有额外事务。它会产生更多的会计工作。
它会产生更多的工作,以确保各项事务得到相应的核算。
And I agree. I think it just makes so much sense as the owner of the company, as the CEO of the company, merging them, making them one company makes so much sense. You don't have to deal with all of the extra activities that you have to deal with since it's two companies instead of one.
It creates more accounting work. It creates more work to make sure things are accounted for accordingly.
当 Elon Musk,假如他在家,他给 SpaceX 的某个人发了一封邮件,然后下一分钟又给 Tesla 的某个人发了一封邮件,那该怎么办?你如何核算那项工作?对吧?他是在做那项工作吗?
他是在为 SpaceX 工作还是在为 Tesla 工作?你是否必须对这种情况进行微观管理,以确定 CEO 在这些不同公司的时间成本?
When Elon Musk, what if he's at home and he's sending an email to someone from SpaceX and then he's sending an email the next minute to someone from Tesla? How do you account for that work?
Right? Is he working at that? Is he working at SpaceX or working at Tesla? Do you have to micromanage that situation to determine the cost of the CEO's time at those various companies?
这只会带来更多困难、更多任务、更多需要这些公司的员工去关注、不得不去关注的事情。这并没有增加企业的竞争优势。这反而让它们落后于那些不必完成这些任务的竞争对手。这只会拖慢它们。
It just creates more difficulty, more tasks, more things for the employees at the companies to pay attention to, to have to pay attention to. That's not adding to the competitive advantages of the businesses.
It's putting it behind rivals that don't have to complete those tasks. It just slows them down.
我认为 SpaceX 拥有 Tesla 完全合情合理。而我认为 SpaceX 应该收购 Tesla 而不是反过来,原因并不是我认为事情本应如此。而是 Elon Musk 在 SpaceX 拥有的所有权控制力、控制性股权比他在 Tesla 的更大。
所以我认为 Elon Musk 会更希望 SpaceX 收购 Tesla,这样他就能对这家公司拥有更多控制权。
I think ownership of Tesla by SpaceX makes all the sense in the world. And the reason why I think SpaceX should acquire Tesla and not the other way around, it's not that I think that should be the case.
It's just that Elon Musk has a greater control of ownership, a greater controlling stake in SpaceX than he does at Tesla. So I think Elon Musk would prefer SpaceX buy Tesla so that he can have more control over the company.
所以,这仅仅是 Elon Musk 让 SpaceX 收购 Tesla 的动机,而不考虑任何关于财务合理性或股东福祉的其他因素,而我认为后者不会在这一决策中被太显著地考虑。我认为 Elon Musk 的福祉将是这一决策中的首要考量。
而我认为这一动机、这些激励因素表明,应该是 SpaceX 来收购 Tesla。
So, it's just motivation for Elon Musk to make SpaceX acquire Tesla without any other consideration about financial sense or the well-being of shareholders, which I don't think is going to be considered all that significantly.
I think the well-being of Elon Musk is going to be the primary consideration in this decision. And I think the motivation suggests, the incentives suggest that SpaceX should be the one acquiring Tesla.
现在,我认为拖慢这笔收购的因素之一是估值。我一段时间以来一直在说 Tesla 的股票贵得离谱。而它今年已下跌 20%。准确地说,它今年已下跌 21%。
Now, I think one of the things that's slowing down this acquisition is valuation. I've been talking about for a while now how ridiculously expensive Tesla stock is. And it's down 20% this year. It's down 21% this year to be precise.
在今年年初时我就警告过投资者,Tesla 的股票太贵了,估值极端,鉴于这一昂贵的估值,上行空间有限。
I had warned investors coming into this year that Tesla stock was too expensive, the valuation was extreme, that there was limited upside given the expensive valuation.
事实上,我买入了 Tesla 股票的看跌期权,因为我如此坚定地确信、信心如此之高,认为 Tesla 的股票被高估得如此离谱,以至于我在年初买入了 Tesla 的看跌期权。
In fact, I bought put options on Tesla stock because I was so highly convicted, I had such a high confidence level that Tesla's stock was so ridiculously overvalued that I bought put options on Tesla to begin the year.
而幸运的是,我在这里接近底部、接近 Tesla 每股约 300 美元时卖掉了我的看跌期权。我做了一个视频来谈这件事,讲述我为什么选择卖掉我的 Tesla 看跌期权,尽管即便在 300 美元时我仍然觉得 Tesla 的股票被高估。
And thankfully, I sold my put options near the bottom here, near when Tesla was around $300 per share. And I made a video about it talking about why I chose to sell my Tesla put options even though I still felt Tesla stock was overvalued even at $300.
而我表示自己卖出并退出那些看跌期权、获利了结的主要原因之一,是 SpaceX 的 IPO 有多么成功。我认为,鉴于那次 IPO 如此成功,那会给 Elon Musk 和 SpaceX 带来资本、带来股权,对吧,他们可以用 SpaceX 的股票来收购 Tesla,并用 SpaceX 的股票向 Tesla 的股东支付。
而我认为这限制了 Tesla 股票的下行空间,因为我觉得如果 Tesla 的股票进一步下跌,那会让 SpaceX 收购 Tesla 变得更有吸引力。所以那就像是我认为被置于 Tesla 股价中的一个底部,我觉得这限制了我继续持有那些看跌期权的上行空间。
And one of the primary reasons why I stated I sold and got out of those put options and took my profits is because how successful the SpaceX IPO was. I thought given how successful that IPO was, that would give Elon Musk and SpaceX the capital, the equity, right, they can use SpaceX stock to acquire Tesla and pay Tesla shareholders in SpaceX stock.
And I thought that limited the downside in Tesla's stock because I felt if Tesla stock was to fall further, then it would make it more attractive for SpaceX to acquire Tesla. So that was like a bottom that I felt was put into Tesla's share price that I felt limited my upside in keeping those put options.
所以我幸运地在一个恰当的时机卖掉了那些,因为 Tesla 的股价已从每股约 300 美元上涨到每股约 356 美元。
And so I sold out of those thankfully at an opportune moment as Tesla's stock price has rallied from around $300 per share to about $356 per share.
所以 Tesla 的公允价值,我今天刚刚更新了这个。我计算出它是每股 121 美元。现在,我的估算表明,该业务今年将产生 1110 亿美元的现金流,接下来一年为负 80 亿美元,2028 年为负 68 亿美元。
这是因为该公司在无人驾驶汽车技术上投入如此之多,而在这项技术广泛普及到足以产生足够现金流来抵消这些投资之前,该业务在未来几年将产生负现金流。
So Tesla's fair value and I just updated this today. I calculated it at $121 per share. Now, my estimates suggest that the business will generate 111 billion in cash flow this year, negative8 billion the year after that and -6.8 billion in 2028.
That's because the company's investing so much in driverless car technology before the technology is available broadly enough to generate sufficient cash flow to offset those investments that the business will generate negative cash flow over the next few years.
但我认为从长远来看,回报对 Tesla 来说将是巨大的。而我预测这些回报将从 2029 年开始,2029 年现金流为 260 亿美元,2030 年增至 320 亿美元,并一路上升到 2035 年的 767 亿美元。
But I think the rewards will be massive for Tesla in the long run. And I'm forecasting those rewards begin in 2029 with $26 billion in cash flow in 2029, increasing to 32 billion in 2030 and rising all the way up to 76.7 billion by 2035.
所以我预测 Tesla 的自由现金流将大幅增长。把这个数字放在背景中看,2025 年 Tesla 产生了 49 亿美元的自由现金流。所以,我预测,由于无人驾驶汽车技术的成功,到 2035 年其现金流将较其最高点增长近 15 倍。
So I'm forecasting significant growth in free cash flow for Tesla. To put that figure into context, in 2025, Tesla generated $4.9 billion in free cash flow. So, I'm forecasting a nearly 15x increase in cash flow from its highest point in by 2035 as a result of the success of driverless car technology.
我认为特斯拉的增长将来自这里,如果它真的会增长的话。这并非确定之事,但这就是我对特斯拉的估算。特斯拉的电动车销量不太可能重新加速。因此,这项业务的主要增长动力,其未来十年几乎所有的希望,都取决于无人驾驶汽车技术。
That's where I think the growth will come from for Tesla, if it comes at all. This is no certainty, but this is what I'm estimating for Tesla. EV sales are unlikely to reacel for Tesla.
And so the primary growth driver for the business, it's nearly all of its hopes over the next decade depend on driverless car technology.
因为我认为在未来十年内,机器人业务都不会成为公司自由现金流的有意义驱动力。也许在那之后,也许从2040年开始,如果特斯拉开始从其机器人投资中获得收益,它或许会。就目前而言,我认为主要驱动力将是无人驾驶汽车技术。
As I don't think robotics will be a meaningful driver of the company's free cash flow anytime over the next decade. Maybe after that, maybe starting in 2040, Tesla might, if they start to generate benefits from their investments in robotics.
For now, I think the primary driver will be driverless car technology.
所以,即便给予他们未来十年惊人增长的认可,我计算出的公允价值估计为121美元,而当前市场价格为356美元。因此,你必须假设特斯拉的增长达到我所估算水平的大约三倍,估值在356美元才开始说得通。
So, even after giving them credit for phenomenal growth over the next decade, I calculated a fair value estimate of $121 compared to the current market price of 356. So, you would have to assume about triple the level of growth that I'm estimating for Tesla in order for the valuation to begin to make sense at $356.
所以,按贴现现金流衡量,它非常非常昂贵。按远期市盈率衡量,它的交易价格为165美元。所以,按远期市盈率衡量,它同样非常非常昂贵。
So, it's very very expensive when measuring on a discounted cash flow basis. When you measure on a forward price to earnings basis, it's trading at $165. So, also very very expensive when you're measuring on a forward price to earnings basis.
所以估值就是极端。我认为这就是阻止收购的主要阻力。所以,如果特斯拉股价下跌,如果再次出现大幅崩盘,特斯拉股价接近每股200美元,我认为那将是催化剂,Elon Musk会将其视为一个机会。
比如,让我们现在以每股200美元把这件事推动起来。让我们开始这项工作。让我们开始告知投资者。让我们开始给投资银行打电话。让我们把消息放出去,说我们正在开始采取措施进行这项收购,至少是为了给特斯拉股价托底,阻止它进一步崩盘,并让股价保持在高位。
And so the valuation is just extreme. And I think that's the primary headwind stopping an acquisition. So if Tesla's stock price was to decline, if there would be another big crash where Tesla's stock price approaches $200 per share, I think that will be the accelerant where Elon Musk will see that as an opportunity.
Like let's get this rolling now at $200 per share. Let's begin the work. Let's begin to inform investors. Let's begin to call investment bankers. Let's get the news out there that we're beginning to take steps to make this acquisition, if not for the very least to put that floor into Tesla's stock price to stop it from crashing even further and keep the share price elevated.
给公司时间开发无人驾驶汽车技术,使其更广泛地可用。所有的测试,公司为了使其更广泛可用而必须经过的所有监管审批,以便它能够产生足够的现金流,来抵消需要投入其中的所有投资,抵消电动车业务整体盈利能力下滑的影响。
Give the company time to develop the driverless car technology, making it more broadly available. all the testing, all the regulatory approvals that the company has to go through in order to make this more broadly available so that it can generate sufficient cash flow to offset all of the investments that need to go into it to offset the declining profitability of the EV segment overall.
所以在我看来,我认为这是不可避免的。问题是什么时候。什么时候才是问题,而最有利的时机之一可能是特斯拉股票大幅抛售期间,如果这真的发生的话。
So in my opinion, I think this is inevitable. The question is when. When is the question and one of the most opportune moments could be during a big sell-off in Tesla stock if it ever happens.
特斯拉股价上涨的部分原因是投资者在抢跑这一动作。投资者买入特斯拉股票,是在预期潜在收购,预期无人驾驶汽车技术的更广泛推出。
Part of the reason why Tesla stock is increasing is because investors are frontr running that move. Investors are buying Tesla stock in anticipation of a potential acquisition, in anticipation of a broader roll out in driverless car technology.
特斯拉股票的投资者一向是那种会抢跑任何进展的类型,对吧?他们走在实际进展之前。他们在任何事情真正发生之前就买入股票。所以这是这里需要记住的一点。
Tesla stock investors have always been the type to frontr run any development, right? They get ahead of the actual development. They buy the stock before anything actually happens. So that's something to keep in mind here.
我认为这就是不可避免的。我认为从商业角度看这是合理的。从估值角度看,我认为这才是实现这件事的障碍所在。但从商业角度、从管理角度、从竞争优势、构建竞争优势的角度看,你希望把这两家公司合并起来,以实现公司最高效的运营。
这样你的CEO就不会把注意力分散在几家不同的公司上,而是把注意力集中在这两家合并为一家的公司上。
I think it's just inevitable. I think it makes sense from a business standpoint. From a valuation standpoint is where I think there's the roadblock in making that happen. But from a business standpoint, from a management standpoint, from competitive advantage, building competitive advantage, you want to have these two companies combined to give you the most uh efficient operation of a company.
So your CEO is not focusing his attention on several different companies and focusing his attention on these two combined into one.
观察点
这个频道对 $TSLA 的历次判断
Parkev Tatevosian, CFA 在这只股票上共 2 条判断,这里只列相邻的几条。